Marcelo Tosatti became the maintainer of the 2.4 stable kernel when he was 18 years old in November of 2001. His first kernel release was 2.4.16 on November 26'th which very quickly followed the earlier 2.4.15 to address an issue with filesystem corruption. Two years later, he has recently released 2.4.23 and plans to soon put the 2.4 stable kernel into maintenance mode, only addressing bugs and security issues.
Living in Brazil, Marcelo currently works for Cyclades Corporation. In this interview he looks at how he became the 2.4 maintainer, the challenges involved, and brings us up to date with the current status of the 2.4 kernel.
Jeremy Andrews: Please share a little about yourself, your background, and how you first started working with Linux...
Marcelo Tosatti: My interest for computers started with influence from my older brother Nei Tosatti (he used to buy spare sparts and and "assemble" computers to sell them... that was around 1994, I was 12 years old). Before that happened, I was an average kid who didn't enjoy school much (I wish I did).
At the time I learned how to use DOS and started playing with BASIC/games/etc. A bit later I got interested in C and learned a bit of it (reading books) and practicing (I remember compiling with "BCC").
I heard about Linux when I first had access to the Internet (around 1995/1996), and I bought "Linux FT" from some company in my hometown. At the time I was working on a local ISP, and I replaced some of the NT servers they used with Linux. Then I had the chance to work with development at Conectiva (where I worked for the next 6 years and got interested in kernel development).
I'm 20 years old now. I lived my whole life in Curitiba, Brasil with my parents, and finished high school there.
In July 2003 I met Suzana and moved to live with her in Porto Alegre (more to the south). At the same time I quit my job and go to Cyclades.
JA: This means you were 13 or 14 when you started working for Conectiva? How did you come to start working there at such a young age?
Marcelo Tosatti: Yes... I was working on the ISP I mentioned when I mailed Conectiva asking for a job and we talked, and I started working with them.
JA: What were some of your contributions to Linux development prior to becoming the 2.4 maintainer?
Marcelo Tosatti: I fixed some VM problems on 2.2 and 2.3/2.4 (most fixes related to the "memory reclaiming logic").
I used to maintain Conectiva's kernel RPM.
JA: You recently started working for a new company. Can you offer any reflections on what lead to this decision, and on how it's going?
Marcelo Tosatti: I left Conectiva because I worked 6 years there, and I felt I needed to change (do something different, work with a different company).
Cyclades offered me a good job position, with nice projects. Cyclades builds special purpose hardware (console servers, power managers, etc) which now run Linux. I'm working with their embedded distro and kernel which are used on these machines (most of them use PPC processors). I am doing some driver work right now.
JA: I remember when Linus was getting ready to hand off the 2.4 kernel, everyone (including Linus) was expecting that he would give it to Alan Cox. How was it that you instead became the 2.4 stable kernel maintainer?
Marcelo Tosatti: Alan decided to stop maintaining and he suggested me. I had the time and the will to do it.
In the beginning it was too much pressure (from the media, etc) but now it got better in that aspect.
JA: Now that you've had quite a bit of experience maintaining a stable Linux kernel, what do you think?
Marcelo Tosatti: Well I think over time I made a lot of progress in my relationships with developers (knowing who you can trust, who you can request for help, etc).
A lot of people seem to dislike my maintainership (www.kerneltrap.org people for example :)), but I think most developers are fine with it.
Not as excellent as Andrew or Alan would do, but still...
JA: There is indeed a small but vocal group on KernelTrap that have said negative things about your maintainership of the 2.4 kernel, however I don't feel that they in any way represent KernelTrap readers as a whole.
Have you received any feedback from Linus, Alan Cox, or Andrew Morton regarding your maintainership of the 2.4 kernel?
Marcelo Tosatti: I asked Linus once about what he thought about my 2.4.x maintainership and he said he didn't have any complaints.
I believe Alan is also OK with it.
JA: What is the biggest challenge for you in maintaining the 2.4 Linux kernel?
Marcelo Tosatti: Well, I believe unmaintained code. All core parts are well maintained, however there are a few drivers and subsystem which are not. I obviously dont know all the code, so...
Also I wish all bug reports were nicely and well reported, but that is not always the case for several reasons (not everyone has the time, etc).
I think there is not much of a big challenge in maintaining 2.4 thanks to all the subsystem maintainers and people from the community who help with 2.4 bugfixing. I could make a giant list.
JA: You've been managing the 2.4 source tree with BitKeeper now for over a year. Has it proved to be an improvement over what you were doing before?
Marcelo Tosatti: Yes. Everything is well logged and commented. You can go back and see each changeset in detail (usually you have the full message from the email which the patch posted with an explanation).
Also the process of merging is much easier.
JA: With the recent release of 2.4.23, there were a number of VM related changes, including the removal of the OOM killer. Can you describe the intention and potential impact of these VM changes?
Marcelo Tosatti: The OOM killer can deadlock in some conditions, and can also kill tasks by mistake (accounting of shm/mlock'ed pages is not correct). Also it had problems with no swap setups.
For those who want the old OOM killer behaviour (which is useful if you expect to run hogs, etc), it will possible to select OOM-killer the next 2.4.x version.
JA: What conditions would cause the OOM killer to deadlock? Also, can you elaborate on why the OOM killer sometimes would kill tasks by mistake?
Marcelo Tosatti: It might select a TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE task (sleeping on NFS, for example), waiting on a NFS server which is down, which hangs the box for unlimited time.
A problem for servers is that OOM killer might kill big tasks (lets say, 3GB databases, etc) instead of smaller hogs (lets say, 1GB mozilla's). (that case the lack of the OOM killer will kill the right process).
The OOM killer can also detect the need of killing a process in cases with lots of mlock()'ed memory (which wont be swapped out) but still theres some swap free.
There are also some other corner cases which the OOM killer gets wrong (one of them related with small memory configurations).
JA: Will the optional OOM killer in 2.4.24 be identical to what was the default in 2.4.22?
Marcelo Tosatti: Yes.
JA: Historically the 2.4 VM has been a bit of a bumpy ride. How stable do you feel it is today?
Marcelo Tosatti: The 2.4.23 VM is pretty fast (fast in comparison with other 2.4's). I received a lot of successful reports.
The last VM changes in 2.4.23 also do a better job at HIGHMEM memory reclaiming/balancing.
There still a few problems with lots of HIGHMEM and some specific workloads, but thats pretty much all.
For most uses I think the VM has been very stable since 2.4.17/2.4.18.
JA: How much memory is considered "lots of HIGHMEM", and what are the remaining problems?
Marcelo Tosatti: More than 4GB and with lots of filesystem activity (using lots of files).
The inode reclaiming routine fails to free inodes which have pagecache data. With highmem that becomes a real problem. Andrea has a fix for this (inode_highmem from -aa tree)
JA: You recently announced your intention to put the 2.4 kernel into maintenance mode after the upcoming 2.4.24 release. What has lead to this decision?
Marcelo Tosatti: It's a timing issue. As I answer this question, 2.6.0 is out. Developers should concentrate on 2.6.0. It is stable for most users.
People who still use 2.4 will have their setups supported without any major modifications.
The same thing was done to 2.2 when 2.4 was getting into production.
JA: What are some of the main areas you'll be focusing on during the 2.4.24 release cycle?
Marcelo Tosatti: Merge the remaining "obviously safe" -aa (and other trees) fixes and make it sure it's stable (help tracking and booking of problems that show up in lkml or privately).
JA: What's else do you intend to merge from -aa?
Marcelo Tosatti: inode_highmem and maybe some other race fix.
JA: How long before we should expect to see 2.4.24?
Marcelo Tosatti: About mid-Feb 2004.
JA: How do you decide when it's time to release another version of the kernel?
Marcelo Tosatti: It depends on what are the modifications being done. We want the modifications to be well tested. For example, 2.4.21 had a big IDE update... that release took a lot of time to released.
If less modifications are done, the time to release a kernel can be smaller.
JA: Once 2.4.24 is released, you should have more time to focus on other things. How do you expect to spend this new found spare time?
Marcelo Tosatti: I want to get more involved with kernel development. I haven't had much time to do it since I started maintaining 2.4. I will also get more involved into the cyclades projects.
JA: What area of the kernel do you intend to get involved with?
Marcelo Tosatti: I'll try to get involved with the VM again (help bug chasing, etc), and try to help in general as I can.
There are some modifications from Cyclades (in the PPC architecture code) which I want to get merged.
JA: There recently was a lengthy debate on the Linux Kernel mailing list regarding whether XFS should be merged into the 2.4 kernel. Can you explain your reasons for not wanting to merge XFS?
Marcelo Tosatti: I did not want to merge XFS because I wasn't sure about the reliability of the VFS modifications.
Christoph Hellwig reviewed the patches which made me much more comfortable to merge them (the modifications got pretty straightforward after he and Nathan Scott from XFS agreed).
JA: Have there been any reported problems with XFS since it was merged?
Marcelo Tosatti: Yes, a problem was caused by a full filesystem in some cases IIRC. It's already been fixed.
JA: During the 2.4.23 release cycle, a bug was fixed in the do_brk() function. This bug was recently exploited in a high profile break-in of four Debian Project Linux servers. Why was 2.4.23 not released sooner when this bug was first fixed?
Marcelo Tosatti: When I first applied the fix (sent from Andrew Morton), I didn't realize it was an exploitable bug (I understood it could crash the box).
If I knew it I would have release the kernel a bit earlier.
JA: What reflections can you offer on SCO's recent allegations against the Linux kernel?
Marcelo Tosatti: I'm far from being a well informed person on this matter (I dont follow the case closely or anything), but my personal conclusions are that SCO does not threat Linux. They will loose in court.
JA: Have you had a chance to work with the new 2.6 kernel?
Marcelo Tosatti: I'm trying to get it to work on some of Cyclades boxes... (the kernel needs some modifications to work on them).
I'm also using 2.6 in my desktop.
JA: What do you feel are some of the more exciting new features in 2.6?
Marcelo Tosatti: The most exciting thing is the speed. It is really fast.
Also the infrastructure is much much better now (driver API, VM, IO, FS'es).
JA: What do you think will be some of the areas focused on during 2.7 development?
Marcelo Tosatti: It's hard to say, but I believe mostly VM/block IO (SCSI, IDE), networking...
JA: You've worked with Andrew Morton while maintaining the 2.4 kernel. How do you think he'll be as the 2.6 maintainer?
Marcelo Tosatti: I believe Andrew will be a great maintainer. He is very very skilled, and also knows how to have good relationships with people.
JA: How do you prefer to spend your time when you're not busy maintaining the 2.4 stable kernel?
Marcelo Tosatti: Well, I like to spend time with my wife, watch TV, read (computer and non computer related material :)), visit friends, etc.
JA: What types of non-computer books do you enjoy reading?
Marcelo Tosatti: Well there's not so much of a "type"... I usually read books that some friend suggests. I just started reading the bestseller "Stupid White Men".
JA: Is there anything else you'd like to add?
Marcelo Tosatti: Thanks for www.kerneltrap.org!
JA: Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions, and for all the time you've put into maintaining the 2.4 stable kernel. I rely on this kernel day in and day out, and it has proven to be quite stable for me.
Thank you:
- Marcelo, for a maintainer job nicely done.
- Linus, for betting on Marcelo...
- www.kerneltrap.org for all the work you've done, which includes this interview.
Child labour?
He was already working at 13? This is an incredible case of child labour. The Bazilian government should ask Conectiva for explanations.
Not sure about this
I'm 16 now and i feel that working on computers at young ages is not at all disruptive. I mean, look at him: working on conectiva at 13 allowed him to get so involved with Linux, that he became the stable kernel maintainer at 18!
If someone would pay me to admin linux boxes on an ISP i would be really glad to do it, i would even ask for a job like that. I don't think he was forced to do it because of economical constraints.
I got a guy on an ISP to pay me for adding a few netfilter patches on his firewalls. Heck, i would even have done it for free, why not let him pay me for this? It's just some "real life" preview, after all.
I'm 17 myself. I've had two t
I'm 17 myself. I've had two three jobs working in the IT industry so far. My first job was at a computer shop doing web design and computer repair. My second was more of an internship with a large organization running dozens of Debian and FreeBSD servers. I was essentially a *nix admin for them for a period of about 3 months. I now work for a local wireless ISP in their network department. I'm no hot shot, I'm not even out of high school yet, but I think it's great that I've got an opportunity to work at a place like this while I'm still young. It'll give me a chance to learn something (haven't learned a thing yet), or just afirm my skills with networks and Unix-based operating systems.
Congrats to Marcelo for gaining employment at such places, at a young age. I hope you're able to do the same thing and get a job that'll allow you to use your current skills to the best of your ability, and get you a foot hold in the IT industry so you can be at least a step ahead (if not more :-) ) of your peers when you go to college. Good luck…
Child Labor
Here in Brazil child labour is plague, and worst, child prostitution... Imagine Children with 8 years had to work or "work", to sustain an unemployd parent. But this not a case of Tossati, He had the chance to study and work in funny enviroment, with respect for him, and his age. Compare his situation with our mini-slaves, who works for 12 or 14 hours, is disrespectful with those children.
I just think he was to young to be put in a position such as kernel mantainer, but, reading the interview, it seem's to be nice for him this important experience. If I were Linus, I'd prefer put someone more experienced in this position, for Kernel, not Tossati, who survived quite well...
Child labor
Child labor is not problem of Brazil alone rather with all poor and developing countries. This plague will keep rising until poverty level is brought down. I also have a website on child labor:
http://www.sadashivan.com/
Are you serious?
Was this a feeble attempt at humor?
Whoa there, that was a jump!
Did the interview state that he was working, working part-time or working full-time?
Plain 'working' could be either and in lieu of having proof to the contrary, I'd presume he was still in some sort of education. I'm presuming Brazil's school leaving age is above thirteen years. (In the UK it's effectively fifteen, by which point kids are supposed to be at a level approx. equivalent to that of US highschool gradates. Most stay on for a further two years after that though.)
yeah but
then they go to university, fall behind, and lose their teeth
kerneltrap.org people and Marcelo as the 2.4 maintainer
I'm a frequent kerneltrap.org reader (probably not a 'kerneltrap person' though) and I think there is nothing wrong with the way Marcelo maintains the 2.4 tree. Surprised that you handle that at your age, Marcelo, and thank you. Great job.
Well, if you can handle a wif
Well, if you can handle a wife at age of 20, the kernel is nothing ;)
now THAT made me laugh....
now THAT made me laugh....
Yes
Well, if you can handle that wife...
parabens
nice job and interesting read...:)
what a joke.
an 18 year old kid mainting the damn kernel - which is used by millions around the world, including governments?!
This entire project is a joke.
not to mention that 2.4 was a damn ugly kernel - so many exploits and massive bugs, such as the ext2 unmounting problem and ptrace hack, etc.
Also the lact of a kernel cvs / regulated checkins is a huge joke, right? NO bug tracking systems ?!
sheesh.
and they call linux the "best thing ever".
What a joke
> and they call linux the "best thing ever".
Reading this makes wonder how much
YOU'RE SALIVATING FOR WINBLOWS LONGBLOAT.
mod up
to a point you are very correct. this is why linux will never be on of the top desktop operating systems like apple/microsoft.
I have to agree. I also don'
I have to agree.
I also don't believe linux is the future, there needs to be some organisation within the community.
Mozilla is a pretty good example of a well-maintained project.
I'm not saying windows is the best, infact I hate it, but linux isn't either. Mac OSX is pretty good as was BeOS (drool).
Those are Propietary OSes!
Didn't you noticed it?? ...
First of all, you are comparing a Kernel with OSes.
You should say Darwin and BeOS Kernel's; which are the kernels of the reffered OSes; or say "GNU/Linux Vs. MacOS and BeOS".
Besides this corrections, i do not agree with you at all. GNU/Linux will be the most used OS, at least for production use, because of it's Speed, Stability and compatibility. Some Other project like GNU/Hurd may take some adventorous hackers behind it because of it's amazing new features and its incredible flexibility. Some other guys may just go for {Open,Net,Free}BSD because they like it and are used to it, I have an enourmous respecto for them, Specially for OpenBSD. And then there are those people that will go for propietary shit, technically good (Mac OSX)or bad (Windoze); i don't care, as long as they are not FreeSoftware they are not usable.
organisation
if Linux community, which has been manteining a software for almost 13 years, is not an organised community, what do you mean by organisation?
child labor?
interesting , if he were born in the US he would be fat and sitting on the couch....lol... go brazil.
very good read though.. and i have enjoyed 2.4.23 very much , as soon as promise catches up with 2.6 i'll be moving on but there is no real need thanks to the good maintainership of 2.4
ciao
The jokes on you!
I would much prefer to have someone such as Marcelo maintaining my enterprise software, than the likes of Bill Gates who is little more than a white collar version of Saddam Hussein.
Thank you Marcelo for all your hard work the past few years and best wishes for the future.
ermm, bill gates? he isn't e
ermm, bill gates?
he isn't even the ceo of microsoft anymore - and I doubt he touches or maintains any part of Windows.
these bill gates jokes are really getting old - grow up.
Ageism, stupidity, and confusion
Just because you were a moron at 18 years (as now) doesn't mean all 18 year olds are morons.
"A damn ugly kernel," huh? Tosatti didn't develop it all; his job was to make as few changes as possible.
As for the "lact[sic] of a kernel cvs", there is Bitkeeper to manage checkins.
Linux may not be the "best thing ever", but it's pretty good. That's why it's "used by millions around the world, including governments."
You, sir, are an idiot, and are banished from the Realm and forbidden to use Linux at all. Go troll in an AOL chat room.
calm down
whatever he's developing skills may be, he's only *maintaining* something that's fairly stable.
Pedro Almeida.
Thank you
First off, I would like to thank Marcelo Tosatti, and all the other Kernel maintainers and developers for all their hard work. I have been using the 2.4 kernel on one of my servers for quite a while now with no issues. I am sorry that Mr Annonymous feels the way he does. Perhaps he should try suggesting a better alternative, or perhaps creating his own OS kernel that is better? Of course, it is likely that he has not ever actually used Linux, and is even possible that he may have been paid to make that post by a large corporation that will remain unnamed?
Child Labor and prejudice
Prejudice can make you feel good about yourself but is not very wise.
I don´t know Marcelo, but if he writes in English, he took lessons after school because in Brasil we speak portuguese and English classes can be very expensive.
1. His family can´t be very poor and it´s not reasonable to think that he started working because of money.
2. Don´t you pay some money when your cousins, nephews, sons make some work for you ?
If you want to make guess it´s more reasonable to think he was very talented kid that started working because he wanted a lot, because almost all brazilian parent woudn´t be very happy with the situation.
FYI: Brazilian law forbidden labor before 18 and you can start work with 14 in special type of internship. So Conectiva seens to be liable, all you have to is denounce then to labor ministry.
But Marcelo doesn´t seem mad with Conectiva, his family doesn´t seem mad too. He seems to be a very bright, productive citizen, so why we should care and why are you talking badly about you don´t know ?
Yes, there is slave labor and child labor in Brasil. But there is not one single evidence that denotes this in Marcelo case.
My advice keep your prejudice with you, Brasil has enough problems already.
Child labor.
1st -> im brazilian
English is such a simple language..
Me and most of my friends speak english without
never tooken lessons about it.
Working so young is not a problem. Marcelo choose it.
And i bet he could study in the job if he wanted.
I worked since 14.
Generaly the first thing i made when i gotten in my workplace was
my school lessons.
"Child labor" seems like a heavy term for this case
Hiya!
Well, I'm a brazilian too. I also started working very early, when I was 15. I used to be a photographer for a skateboard magazine. I chose that, and it was a very wise decision. When I was 17, I was responsible for the whole photo dept. of the magazine and would edit all the photo related stuff, recruit photographers, et. al.
I was employing people that was older than me. I had the knowledge that some people take almost a decade to acquire. I had my chance and I went for it.
Now I work work with web development. I just wish I had started earlier...
But "child labor" is a totally different case. You see, Marcelo and this other brazilian guy also had the chance early in their lives. And they went for it. Nobody took them from their homes and thrown them inside some dark and dirty place and ordered them to work for free.
Sometimes, the "right time" might be too late...
Flavio Donadio
Re: Child labor.
"Me and most of my friends speak english without never tooken lessons about it."
It shows.
If it´s so simple, why have
If it´s so simple, why have you made so much mistakes in just one small post?
You have some serious grammar problems dude =)
Nice Life
Good one. He clearly wants to differentiate himself from clueless, no talent windbags like your self.
Jealousy or...?
I find it very shocking how some people behave, is it plain jealousy or are they always that stupid? No respect at all for other people, even if those people make great free software possible, the same software they're probably using. It's sad, they should really be ashamed of themselves.
Thank you for your work Marcelo, and remember that almost everyone appreciates what you do.
OOM killer
So does it work right or not? The interview seems to point out that sometimes it kills the right process (Mozilla at 1GB) and sometimes not (Big database over 3GB).
Marcelo Tosatti: It might select a TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE task (sleeping on NFS, for example), waiting on a NFS server which is down, which hangs the box for unlimited time.
Wouldn't this be a good thing to kill a hung process, requesting a connection to a server that is not there? If OOM Killer is not present will Mozilla just continue to "pork out" until the whole system crashes? Sure, it is really Mozilla's problem of bloat and not flushing the browser cache in a timely manner, but NO SINGLE process should EVER be allowed to crash an OS, in my opinion. If we don't have something like OOM killer, then we need some other garbage collector. It's the first I've heard of OOM Killer by name, but it sounds like something that is useful and should be improved upon.
it doesn't crash
without the OOM killer, linux doesn't just "crash" when it runs out of memory. it just starts returning -1 to malloc() calls from userspace. applications may crash when they don't check malloc return value, but the kernel won't die.
Umm....
Well, brk() would return nonzero, and malloc(), which uses brk(), would return NULL... If malloc returned -1, that would be 0xffffffff ...
No, malloc is user space.
No, malloc is user space.
You can allocate more memmory than the computer have.
And malloc will still return a valid pointer.
Hung process
The problem with trying to kill a hung process is that it can't kill it so the kernel hangs trying to kill the hung process.
Items merged into the new 2.4 kernel
Have the low-latency patches and the other desktop user patches been merged into 2.4.23 or will they be merged for 2.4.24? Or shall we have to wait til we move to 2.6 to have those included? A poster at another board suggested he received a ~200% performance gain by moving to 2.4.23 from 2.4.21 with the same kernel config file.
I mainly use Linux on desktop PCs or laptops and could really use the performance, but I'm not one to usually compile my own kernel. I just don't do this process for each kernel that comes out, just occasionally.
Marcelo
I think XFS should have been merged a long time ago. However, I think Marcelo has done a great job of maintaining 2.4.
Remember, you can't please everyone.
Those who can code, do. Those who can't, complain.
Marcelo and Jeremy. Both your work is appreciated by many many people, let me assure you. We just don't speak up because we have nothing to add, and think you're doing quite a good job already. Furthermore, i think the kernel would be a disaster if the we had the sort of person who whines on kerneltrap in charge of kernel maintenence.
There seem to be more people posting out of foolishness, ignorance and plain malice than out of genuine technical concern. This is a problem on any forum where anyone is allowed to post their opinion. If they actually had anything to contribute, they would, but their loudmouth complaining hides the fact they have no idea how the kernel actually works.
I, personally, have never actually witnessed any sort of kernel error, (that was not my own fault) i can only read about potential problems that affect people running systems in ways i can only dream of. And let's not forget that no one is forced to use linux, they only do so by choice.
So my advice is to ignore the naysayers, the complainers, and those who would rather badmouth the coders than write any code themselves. Keep on rocking for the kids, Marcelo.
(btw, i think Marcelo's opnion of XFS is exactly what it should be. He basically said, "If you want me to merge XFS, you're going to have to PROVE it won't break anythying." I think that's a very good standard to have if you're the kernel maintainer. You ensure that nothing diasterous gets merged, but once that demand is satisfied, changes can get merged safely.)
Here here!
Excellent comment. I agree totally. ;-)
But why?
What is wrong?
There is nothing bad that Marcelo get stable tree when he was 18.
Maybe there were troubles in his his contacts with other people, but not in coding.
I'm 16 now. I started write programms when I was 13. At 14(on my birthday =)) I installed Linux, and after 6 months a wrote my first commercial project.
There is a trouble - I can't find permanetnt work, because I'm at school now(and there are some troubles with unix work in Russia) but...
And now I'm writting an Qt Installer tool.
With _big_ respect 2 Marcelo, anoy.
anoy@mail.ru
Re: Child Labor
I brazilian also too. English is easy speaking.
I've develope tasty kernel for yummy movie popcorn.
I work for Act II since I've 13 years of age. We make greasy butter popcorn greasy like the big brazilian boom-boom HA HA HA.
American movies OK but not liked brazil movies with yummy popcorn.
USA OK.
oscokcml
[URL=http://ipcfmhzw.com]wmksanbh[/URL] kwguzgzp http://lzvncstl.com hmhgckcb wdztvgqp dcmujmhg
Off-topic question for Jeremy
Jeremy,
here's an off-topic question for you: under what license (if any) is the photo of Marcelo available for re-publication? It'd be nice to include that one in a Wikipedia entry about him.
--
schnee
From the bottom of the page...
Except where otherwise stated original content is (c)2003 KernelTrap.
Many thanks.
Many thanks to Marcelo for his efforts in the 2.4 tree maintenence, I use the 2.4 kernels on many boxes (web servers, firewalls etc) and have been very happy with the time he has spent waiting for a kernel release to become stable and ready for use.
Linux: 2.4.29-pre3, x86-64 Security Fix
Marcelo Tosatti [interview] released the 2.4.29-pre3 kernel which includes "a correction for the 'int 0x80 hole' security problem". Andi Kleen explains: