>
> While testing an application using the xpmem (out of kernel) driver, we
> noticed a significant page fault rate reduction of x86_64 with respect
> to ia64. For one test running with 32 cpus, one thread per cpu, it
> took 01:08 for each of the threads to vm_insert_pfn 2GB worth of pages.
> For the same test running on 256 cpus, one thread per cpu, it took 14:48
> to vm_insert_pfn 2 GB worth of pages.
>
> The slowdown was tracked to lookup_memtype which acquires the
> spinlock memtype_lock. This heavily contended lock was slowing down
> vm_insert_pfn().
>
> With the cmpxchg on page->flags method, both the 32 cpu and 256 cpu
> cases take approx 00:01.3 seconds to complete.
>
>
> To: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
> To: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
> To: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Signed-off-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
> Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
> Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@gmail.com>
> Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
> Cc: Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
> Cc:
x86@kernel.org
>
> ---
>
> Changes since -V2:
> 1) Cleared up the naming of the masks used in setting and clearing
> the flags.
>
>
> Changes since -V1:
> 1) Introduce atomically setting and clearing the page flags and not
> using the global memtype_lock to protect page->flags.
>
> 2) This allowed me the opportunity to convert the rwlock back into a
> spinlock and not affect _MY_ tests performance as all the pages my test
> was utilizing are tracked by struct pages.
>
> 3) Corrected the commit log. The timings were for 32 cpus and not 256.
>
> arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
> arch/x86/mm/pat.c | 8 ------
> 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
>
> Index: linux-next/arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-next.orig/arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h 2010-03-12 19:55:06.690471974 -0600
> +++ linux-next/arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h 2010-03-12 19:55:41.846472324 -0600
> @@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ static inline void copy_from_user_page(s
> memcpy(dst, src, len);
> }
>
> -#define PG_WC PG_arch_1
> -PAGEFLAG(WC, WC)
> -
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAT
> /*
> * X86 PAT uses page flags WC and Uncached together to keep track of
> @@ -55,16 +52,24 @@ PAGEFLAG(WC, WC)
> * _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS and fourth state where page's memory type has not
> * been changed from its default (value of -1 used to denote this).
> * Note we do not support _PAGE_CACHE_UC here.
> - *
> - * Caller must hold memtype_lock for atomicity.
> */
> +
> +#define _PGMT_DEFAULT 0
> +#define _PGMT_WC PG_arch_1
> +#define _PGMT_UC_MINUS PG_uncached
> +#define _PGMT_WB (PG_uncached | PG_arch_1)
> +#define _PGMT_MASK (PG_uncached | PG_arch_1)
> +#define _PGMT_CLEAR_MASK (~_PGMT_MASK)
> +
> static inline unsigned long get_page_memtype(struct page *pg)
> {
> - if (!PageUncached(pg) && !PageWC(pg))
> + unsigned long pg_flags = pg->flags & _PGMT_MASK;
> +
> + if (pg_flags == _PGMT_DEFAULT)
> return -1;
> - else if (!PageUncached(pg) && PageWC(pg))
> + else if (pg_flags == _PGMT_WC)
> return _PAGE_CACHE_WC;
> - else if (PageUncached(pg) && !PageWC(pg))
> + else if (pg_flags == _PGMT_UC_MINUS)
> return _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS;
> else
> return _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
> @@ -72,25 +77,26 @@ static inline unsigned long get_page_mem
>
> static inline void set_page_memtype(struct page *pg, unsigned long memtype)
> {
> + unsigned long memtype_flags = _PGMT_DEFAULT;
> + unsigned long old_flags;
> + unsigned long new_flags;
> +
> switch (memtype) {
> case _PAGE_CACHE_WC:
> - ClearPageUncached(pg);
> - SetPageWC(pg);
> + memtype_flags = _PGMT_WC;
> break;
> case _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS:
> - SetPageUncached(pg);
> - ClearPageWC(pg);
> + memtype_flags = _PGMT_UC_MINUS;
> break;
> case _PAGE_CACHE_WB:
> - SetPageUncached(pg);
> - SetPageWC(pg);
> - break;
> - default:
> - case -1:
> - ClearPageUncached(pg);
> - ClearPageWC(pg);
> + memtype_flags = _PGMT_WB;
> break;
> }
> +
> + do {
> + old_flags = pg->flags;
> + new_flags = (old_flags & _PGMT_CLEAR_MASK) | memtype_flags;
> + } while (cmpxchg(&pg->flags, old_flags, new_flags) != old_flags);
> }
> #else
> static inline unsigned long get_page_memtype(struct page *pg) { return -1; }
> Index: linux-next/arch/x86/mm/pat.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-next.orig/arch/x86/mm/pat.c 2010-03-12 19:55:06.690471974 -0600
> +++ linux-next/arch/x86/mm/pat.c 2010-03-12 19:55:59.434468352 -0600
> @@ -190,8 +190,6 @@ static int pat_pagerange_is_ram(unsigned
> * Here we do two pass:
> * - Find the memtype of all the pages in the range, look for any conflicts
> * - In case of no conflicts, set the new memtype for pages in the range
> - *
> - * Caller must hold memtype_lock for atomicity.
> */
> static int reserve_ram_pages_type(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned long req_type,
> unsigned long *new_type)
> @@ -297,9 +295,7 @@ int reserve_memtype(u64 start, u64 end,
> is_range_ram = pat_pagerange_is_ram(start, end);
> if (is_range_ram == 1) {
>
> - spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
> err = reserve_ram_pages_type(start, end, req_type, new_type);
> - spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
>
> return err;
> } else if (is_range_ram < 0) {
> @@ -351,9 +347,7 @@ int free_memtype(u64 start, u64 end)
> is_range_ram = pat_pagerange_is_ram(start, end);
> if (is_range_ram == 1) {
>
> - spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
> err = free_ram_pages_type(start, end);
> - spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
>
> return err;
> } else if (is_range_ram < 0) {
> @@ -394,10 +388,8 @@ static unsigned long lookup_memtype(u64
>
> if (pat_pagerange_is_ram(paddr, paddr + PAGE_SIZE)) {
> struct page *page;
> - spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
> page = pfn_to_page(paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> rettype = get_page_memtype(page);
> - spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
> /*
> * -1 from get_page_memtype() implies RAM page is in its
> * default state and not reserved, and hence of type WB
>
> --
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