Linus Torvalds wrote:readl/writel is [slightly] faster, and possibility of using even-write __raw_writel() exists, in the old interface... ...but pci_iomap() is a bus-friendly wrapper that handles a few checks and function calls for you, even if you know your device is always MMIO. A new pci_mmio_map() helper, to be used with 100% MMIO hardware, might help eliminate confusion. Jeff
