"I should be doing status reports, so here's my first cut at what is happening and what is going on so far. I'll try to do these every few weeks, and I also encourage the project managers of active projects to also do this," explained Greg KH, posting his October 16'th Status Report for the Linux Driver Project. He noted:

"Currently, I'm talking with about 3-4 new companies about more projects, and am working on a list of external modules that need to get cleaned up and added to the kernel tree that this project can help out with.

"But what we are really lacking right now is more companies involvement. If anyone can think of a way to drum up more company interest, please let me know."

Greg then offered a status summary of all six currently active projects, "here's the current projects, and what is going on with them." Drivers currently being developed by the driver project include, "3 i2c devices, a VOIP gateway driver, USB/PCI driver for video timestamp device, highspeed datacapture device driver, and a video digital demodulator driver" Another project is listed as focusing on cleaning up the existing USB driver.

In a recent discussion on the Linux Kernel mailing list, it was asked "which companies are helping develop the kernel?" One response pointed out that that a recent article on lwn.net summarized this information nicely. Others pointed to a paper maintained by Greg KH, who responded:

"Yeah, but my paper didn't really track companies very well. The lwn.net article is the best, and below is my version of who did things in 2.6.23. Note, the lack of a company is not an indicator that they did nothing, just that I could not easily determine someone worked for them. I'll try to send out my 'who are you working for' emails in a week or so to see if I can further categorize the 'unknowns'."

According to Greg's email, organizations that contributed more than 100 changesets to the recently released 2.6.23 kernel included: Red Hat with 827 changesets (11.7%), IBM with 557 changesets (7.9%), the Linux Foundation with 528 changesets (7.5%), Novell with 449 changesets (6.3%), Intel with 242 changesets (3.4%), Oracle with 158 changesets (2.2%), MIPS Technologies with 143 changesets (2%), Nokia with 133 changesets (1.9%), and NetApp with 119 changesets (1.7%). Greg noted that there were a total of 7,075 changesets from 992 developers working for 126 different employers. 843 of the changesets (11.9%) were contributed by individuals reporting no sponsor for their work.

"Sorry for the very long delay in getting this project back up off the ground. When I first announced it back in January, I never expected it to be so popular. Unfortunately, it ended up being pushed way back on my priority list as I had to deal with my day job at Novell first, then my Linux kernel development, then with any spare time left over, this project," Greg KH announced on the newly created Linux Driver Project Developer mailing list. He noted the project's official web page and explained:

"The good news is that this has now changed. As of today, Novell is sponsoring me to work on this Linux driver project as my first priority. This means I will have the time and resources to commit to managing the different developers and driver projects as part of my daily job."

The Linux Driver Project was originally announced in January of 2007.

"The fact that we continue to expose internal data structures via sysfs is a gaping open pit [and] is far more likely to cause any kind of problems than changing an error return," Theodore Ts'o noted, responding to a thread discussing a patch to fix an error return code. Andrew Morton agreed, "I was staring in astonishment at the pending sysfs patch pile last night. Forty syfs patches and twenty-odd patches against driver core and the kobject layer." He continued, "that's a huge amount of churn for a core piece of kernel infrastructure which has been there for four or five years. Not a good sign." Andrew then added a humorous quip, "I mean, it's not as if, say, the CPU scheduler guys keep on rewriting all their junk. oh, wait.."

Sysfs maintainer Greg KH replied, "I'm sorry, have I missed a breakage lately? I don't know of one in over a year that has not been fixed. Do you?" He noted that when sysfs is used properly from user space no breakage occurs, "if you want to propose some other kind of alternative to exporting this kind of _needed_ information to userspace, in a simple and easy-to-use manner, please do so. Until then, stop complaining unnecessarily." He went on to explain that most sysfs changes are to support things like containers, requiring per-user/per-container views, something sysfs wasn't originally designed for. "These aren't being done just because we like to break things, we are trying to make things better, and fix real bugs here."

Greg KH posted three emails titled State of the Linux Driver Core Subsystem, State of the Linux USB Subsystem, and State of the Linux PCI Subsystem, noting that for each there were no known regressions then going on to list which patches were bound for the upcoming 2.6.24 kernel. Greg pointed out that there were a large number of open bugs against the USB subsystem, "yeah, there are way too many there, I've been really slack in trying to work through them. If anyone wants to help out, feel free :)" He continued:

"Note, there are over 100 patches in the USB queue, so I might have missed a few things in reviewing them by hand right now. If I failed to describe your patch that is already in the queue, and you feel it is important for everyone to know about, please feel free to add to the above list. I did not purposefully mean to exclude anything, merely try to summarize things"

James Bottomley announced the Linux Foundation Technical Advisory Board election results from September 5th, "sorry this has taken so long to get out ... I just, er, forgot." He noted that there were eight candidates. "Every candidate gave a nomination statement before the voting (with the three persons not present having their statements read to the meeting). We did single polling per position and had two rounds for a tie on the last candidate."

James then stated that the five people elected to the advisory board were, Arjan van de Ven, Greg Kroah Hartman, Christoph Lameter, Jon Corbett, and Olaf Kirch. The purpose of the advisory board was discussed earlier.

"It turns out that USB devices suck when it comes to powermanagement issues :(" lamented Greg KH in posting some patches to handle USB autosuspend problems. He noted that the patches were intended for inclusion in the upcoming 2.6.23 kernel, "a number of patches have been submitted near the end of this kernel release cycle that add new device ids to the quirk table in the kernel to disable autosuspend for specific devices. However, a number of developers are very worried that even with the testing that has been done, once 2.6.23 is released, we are going to get a whole raft of angry users when their devices break in nasty ways." He proved an example, "it seems that almost 2/3 of all USB printers just can not handle autosuspend. And there's a _lot_ of USB printers out there..."

Later in the discussion, Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented, "in general, I think the USB blacklist/whitelists are generally a sign of some deeper bug." He continued on to point out a number of quirks in the USB layer that need to be addressed and added:

"We used to have a lot of those things due to simply incorrect SCSI probing, causing devices to lock up because Linux probed them with bad or unexpected modepages etc. I suspect we still have old blacklist entries from those days that just never got cleaned up, because nobody ever dared remove the blacklist entry.

"We should strive to make the default behaviour be so safe that we never need a black-list (or a whitelist), and basically consider blacklists to be not a way to 'fix up a device', but a way to avoid some really serious AND *RARE* error."

Greg KH and Chris Wright have been maintaining a -stable 2.6.x.y patchset for the 2.6.x and 2.6.(x-1) kernels since March of 2005. Thus, with the current stable release being 2.6.22, they maintain -stable patches for 2.6.22 and 2.6.21. 2.4 stable kernel maintainer Willy Tarreau noted the currently high patch rate in each of the 2.6 -stable trees and decided to maintain -stable patches against the 2.6.20 tree until things calm down. Adrian Bunk also continues to maintain a -stable 2.6.16 branch of the Linux kernel. Willy explained about his new 2.6.20 -stable patches:

"I proposed Chris and Greg to continue issuing a few more 2.6.20 releases during the time needed for 2.6.21 and 2.6.22 to show a significant drop in their patch rates, which hopefully will be just a matter of a few releases.

"My goal is *not* to do all the hard work they do, but just to backport from their patches those which are meaningful for 2.6.20. For this reason, 2.6.20 releases will always be slightly late and should not contain patches not merged in more recent releases."

Two new documentation directories were merged into the upcoming 2.6.23 mainline kernel, containing translations of the HOWTO and stable_api_nonsense.txt documents in Japanese and Chinese. Greg KH explained, "here are some patches that add some translations of some procedural documentation files to the Documentation/ tree." Regarding some of the concerns that were expressed with merging translated documentation into the mainline kernel tarball, Greg noted, "these files change _very_ slowly over time, and are quite easy to keep up to date by the translators." He added:

"I know that kernel development is in English, but translations of a small subset of documentation files that go over procedures and how to get involved in the community is something that I feel is important and will bring in more developers in the end. Having these files in the kernel tree is a good way to keep a central location that all can see and easily find, instead of hiding them away on different web sites that might be harder to update by anyone who needs to do so."

The translation of a some kernel documentation into Japanese led to a discussion as to whether or not it was appropriate to include translated documentation with the kernel source code. One concern that was expressed was that as the number of included translations grows, so would the size of the kernel. Another concern was the liklihood that as time passes the various translations might become out of date. Jesper Juhl suggested one workaround, "since the common language of most kernel contributors is english I personally feel that we should stick to just that one language in the tree and then perhaps keep translations on a website somewhere. So the authoritative docs stay in the tree, in english, so that as many contributors as possible can read and update them."

Greg KH noted that there were a number of files in the kernel that change infrequently and that he would like to see included, "I really do want to see a translated copy of the HOWTO, stable-api-nonsense.txt, and possibly a few other files in the main kernel tree (SubmittingPatches, CodingStyle, and SubmittingDrivers might all be good canidates for this.) These files change relatively infrequently (the HOWTO file has had only 7 changes in 1 and 1/2 years, and they were very minor ones) and should be easy for the translators to keep up with."

Greg Kroah-Hartman's announcement for free Linux driver development [story] included the necesssary legal framework to honor NDAs when creating GPL'd drivers. This allowance was discussed on the OpenBSD -misc mailing list. In a public exchange with Greg KH, Stephan Rickauer said, "now these companies have a great excuse to keep specs locked up tight under NDA, while pretending to be 'open.' The OpenBSD project has made clear more than once how this will hurt Free Software in the long run. Signing NDA's ensures that Linux gets a working driver, sure, but the internals are indistinguishable from magic. It is a source code version of a blob." OpenBSD founder Theo de Raadt [interview] called the free driver effort a farce, "you are trying to make sure that maintainers of code -- ie. any random joe who wants to improve the code in the future -- has LESS ACCESS to docs later on because someone signed an NDA to write it in the first place. You are making a very big mistake."

Greg pointed the discussion to his FAQ in which the final question asks about the BSD operating systems and the answer states, "what about them? They are free to do whatever they wish, I have no input into their development at all, sorry." Greg further clarified, "well, as my goal is to have a GPL driver for everything, I don't see how this can hurt :) Now others can have different goals, and that's great and fine. I'm not saying you can't work on something if you wish to do so."

"The Linux kernel community is offering all companies free Linux driver development," Greg Kroah-Hartman posted in an open offer on the lkml, for all types of devices "from USB toys to PCI video devices to high-speed networking cards." He explains, "all that is needed is some kind of specification that describes how your device works, or the email address of an engineer that is willing to answer questions every once in a while. A few sample devices might be good to have so that debugging doesn't have to be done by email, but if necessary, that can be done." He added, "if your company is worried about NDA issues surrounding your device's specifications, we have arranged a program with OSDL/TLF's Tech Board to provide the legal framework where a company can interact with a member of the kernel community in order to properly assure that all needed NDA requirements are fulfilled." Greg suggests that companies participating can allow their developers to focus on drivers for other operating systems, "and you can add 'supported on Linux' to your product's marketing material." He further explains:

"You will receive a complete and working Linux driver that is added to the main Linux kernel source tree. The driver will be written by some of the members of the Linux kernel developer community (over 1500 strong and growing). This driver will then be automatically included in all Linux distributions, including the 'enterprise ones. It will be automatically kept up to date and working through all Linux kernel API changes. This driver will work with all of the different CPU types supported by Linux (for the CPUs that support the bus types that your device works on), the largest number of CPU types supported by any operating system ever before in the history of computing."

Nigel Cunningham submitted his suspend2 patches [story] to the lkml for review and inclusion into Andrew Morton [interview]'s -mm tree [story]. Jens Axboe summarized the current roadblocks to merging suspend2, "now I haven't followed the suspend2 vs swsusp debate very closely, but it seems to me that your biggest problem with getting this merged is getting consensus on where exactly this is going. Nobody wants two different suspend modules in the kernel. So there are two options - suspend2 is deemed the way to go, and it gets merged and replaces swsusp. Or the other way around - people like swsusp more, and you are doomed to maintain suspend2 outside the tree."

Greg KH pointed out that the current focus with swsusp is to move the functionality from the kernel into userspace, called uswsusp, "Pavel and others have a working implementation and are slowly moving toward adding all of the 'bright and shiny' features that is in suspend2 to it (encryption, progress screens, abort by pressing a key, etc.) so that there is no loss of functionality." Nigel countered that only some of swsusp is being moved to userland, adding, "and there _is_ loss of functionality - uswsusp still doesn't support writing a full image of memory, writing to multiple swap devices (partitions or files), or writing to ordinary files. They're getting the low hanging fruit, but when it comes to these parts of the problem, they're going to require either smoke and very good mirrors (eg the swap prefetching trick), or simply refuse to implement them." Pavel Machek, maintainer of swsusp and uswsusp, replied item by item to Nigel's list of suspend2 advantages noting that uswsusp now has or soon will have the same capabilities. It was further noted that the submitted patches will need to be consolidated into logical pieces and resubmitted for proper review.

With the release of the 2.6.16 Linux kernel, Adrian Bunk reiterated his previously debated intention of maintaining the 2.6.16.y kernel tree well into the future. The first 2.6.x.y release was 2.6.8.1 by Linus Torvalds [story], a quick one line fix for NFS. The idea was revisted a few months later in October of 2004 [story], but didn't actually gain momentum until March of 2005 [story] [story]. Beginning with the 2.6.11 kernel, the process was formalized with Greg KH and Chris Wright officially maintaining 2.6.x.y releases [story] until 2.6.(x+2) is released. For example, stable patches will be applied to the current 2.6.16.y kernel by Greg and Chris until 2.6.18 is released sometime well in the future.

Adrian's plan is to pick up the development of the 2.6.16.y kernel at that point, maintaining it much as the 2.4 kernel tree is is maintained [interview]. His intention is to maintain the tree as long is it is used and people contribute patches. The earlier debate on this idea was met with mixed reactions. At that time Greg KH cautioned, "the time and energy to do this for a long period of time is huge. If I were you, I would listen to the people who have and do maintain these kinds of kernels, it's not a simple job by any means."

Greg KH offered a short "kernel maintainer's HOWTO for quilt and -mm", offering instructions on how one can utilize quilt to create patchsets intended to be merged into Andrew Morton [interview]'s -mm tree [story]. He begins:

"So, You're a kernel maintainer faced with the fact that you are having people send you loads of patches, but don't know how to stage them in a fashion that others can see what you have and have not accepted. You also want to have them show up in the -mm releases and need to provide some hint as to the order in which they should be applied. This small document and script will provide one solution to this."